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Harmonics

Why Things Sound the Way They Do

Every sound you hear is a recipe — a blend of simple sine waves at different frequencies and amplitudes. The fundamental gives you the pitch. The harmonics give you the timbre — the thing that makes a guitar sound different from a flute playing the same note.

Composite Waveform

A3 · 220 Hz

Presets

fundamentalA3 · 220 Hz

Harmonic Amplitudes

Each harmonic is a whole-number multiple of the fundamental frequency. Drag the sliders to mix your own timbre.

1× fundamental
100%
2× 2nd
octave
50%
3× 3rd
fifth
33%
4× 4th
octave
25%
5× 5th
major third
20%
6× 6th
fifth
17%
7× 7th
minor seventh
14%
8× 8th
octave
13%

Try this: Start with the Pure Sine preset — just the fundamental. Then slowly add the 2nd and 3rd harmonics. Notice how the waveform shape changes, and if you're listening, how the character of the sound shifts without the pitch moving at all. That's timbre in action.

The deeper pattern

Fourier showed that any periodic signal — any repeating sound, any vibration, any wave — can be decomposed into a sum of simple sine waves. This means the sliders above aren’t just a toy. They’re the actual mechanism. When a luthier shaves wood from a guitar brace, they’re adjusting these ratios. When you turn the tone knob on your amp, you’re filtering harmonics. The math isn’t a model of the physics — it is the physics.